MIRCERA® Safety

Adverse Reactions1

Among the serious adverse reactions occurring during MIRCERA® treatment belong:

  • Increased mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and thromboembolism
  • Increased mortality and/or tumor progression in patients with cancer
  • Hypertension
  • Seizures
  • Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)
  • Serious allergic reactions
  • Severe cutaneous reactions

Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials in Adult Patients

In clinical trials, 2737 adult patients were exposed to MIRCERA®, including 1451 exposed for 6 months and 1144 exposed for greater than one year. MIRCERA® was studied primarily in active-controlled studies (n = 1789 received MIRCERA®, n = 948 received another ESA) and in long-term follow-up studies.

In the controlled trials, the rates of serious adverse reactions did not significantly differ between patients receiving MIRCERA® and another ESA (38% vs 42%), except for the occurrence of serious gastrointestinal hemorrhage (1.2% vs 0.2%). Adverse reaction rates did not importantly differ between patients receiving MIRCERA® or another ESA.

The most commonly reported adverse reactions in ≥ 10% of patients were hypertension, diarrhea, and nasopharyngitis. The most common adverse reactions that led to treatment discontinuation in the MIRCERA® clinical studies were hypertension, coronary artery disease, anemia, concomitant termination of other CKD therapy, and septic shock.

Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 5% of Adult Patients with CKD

Adverse events

Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials in Pediatric Patients

  • In an open-label, multiple dose study, 64 pediatric patients (ages 5 to 17 years) with CKD who were on hemodialysis and who had stable hemoglobin levels while previously receiving another ESA (epoetin alfa/beta or darbepoetin alfa) were then converted to MIRCERA® administered intravenously once every 4 weeks for 20 weeks (core study period).
  • Patients who completed the core study period with hemoglobin within ± 1 g/dL of their baseline hemoglobin and within the target range of 10 to 12 g/dL were eligible to enter an optional 52-week safety extension period (total duration of treatment, up to 73 weeks).
  • In the extension period, 25 (out of 37) patients were treated for at least an additional 5 months.
  • During the whole study (core study and safety extension), 33 patients were exposed to MIRCERA® for at least 6 months and 19 were exposed for greater than 15 months.
  • The adverse reaction profile observed in pediatric patients was consistent with the safety profile found in adults.
  • The efficacy and safety of MIRCERA® have not been established in patients less than 5 years of age.

All reported adverse reactions regardless of causality (more than 5% incidence) in the pediatric population included headache (22%), nasopharyngitis (22%), hypertension (19%), vomiting (11%), bronchitis (9%), abdominal pain (8%), arteriovenous fistula thrombosis (6%), cough (6%), device related infection (6%), hyperkalemia (6%), pharyngitis (6%), pyrexia (6%), thrombocytopenia (6%), and thrombosis in device (6%).

Immunogenicity

As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to MIRCERA® in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.

Neutralizing antibodies to MIRCERA® that cross-react with endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) and other ESAs can result in PRCA or severe anemia (with or without other cytopenias). Compared to subcutaneous administration, the intravenous route of administration may lessen the risk for development of antibodies to MIRCERA®.

In 1789 patients treated with MIRCERA® in clinical studies, antibody testing using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted at baseline and during treatment. Antibody development was not detected in any of the patients.

Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of MIRCERA®. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Hypersensitivity

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has been reported.

Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA)

Cases of PRCA and of severe anemia, with or without other cytopenias that arise following the development of neutralizing antibodies to EPO, have been reported in patients treated with MIRCERA®.

Contraindications1

MIRCERA® is contraindicated in patients with:

  • Uncontrolled hypertension
  • PRCA that begins after treatment with MIRCERA® or other EPO protein drugs
  • History of serious or severe allergic reactions to MIRCERA® (e.g., anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, bronchospasm, pruritus, skin rash, urticaria)

For more information, please see the full Prescribing Information, including Boxed WARNING, and Medication Guide (English, Español) for MIRCERA®.

Important safety information

WARNING:

ESAs INCREASE THE RISK OF DEATH, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, STROKE, VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, THROMBOSIS OF VASCULAR ACCESS and TUMOR PROGRESSION OR RECURRENCE

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE:
  • In controlled trials, patients experienced greater risks for death, serious adverse cardiovascular reactions, and stroke when administered erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to target a hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g/dL.
  • No trial has identified a hemoglobin target level, ESA dose, or dosing strategy that does not increase these risks.
  • Use the lowest MIRCERA® dose sufficient to reduce the need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions.
CANCER:
  • MIRCERA® is not indicated and is not recommended for the treatment of anemia due to cancer chemotherapy. A dose-ranging study of MIRCERA® was terminated early because of more deaths among patients receiving MIRCERA® than another ESA.
  • ESAs shortened overall survival and/or increased the risk of tumor progression or recurrence in clinical studies in patients with breast, non-small cell lung, head and neck, lymphoid, and cervical cancers.
CONTRAINDICATIONS

MIRCERA® is contraindicated in patients with:

  • Uncontrolled hypertension
  • Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) that begins after treatment with MIRCERA® or other erythropoietin protein drugs
  • History of serious or severe allergic reactions to MIRCERA® (e.g., anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, bronchospasm, pruritus, skin rash, and urticaria).
INCREASED MORTALITY, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, STROKE, AND THROMBOEMBOLISM
  • In controlled clinical trials of patients with CKD comparing higher hemoglobin targets (13 to 14 g/dL) to lower targets (9 to 11.3 g/dL), ESAs increased the risk of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, thrombosis of hemodialysis vascular access, and other thromboembolic events in the higher target groups.
  • Using ESAs to target a hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g/dL increases the risk of serious adverse cardiovascular reactions and has not been shown to provide additional benefit. Use caution in patients with coexistent cardiovascular disease and stroke. Patients with CKD and an insufficient hemoglobin response to ESA therapy may be at even greater risk for cardiovascular reactions and mortality than other patients. A rate of hemoglobin rise of greater than 1 g/dL over 2 weeks may contribute to these risks.
  • In controlled clinical trials of patients with cancer, ESAs increased the risks for death and serious adverse cardiovascular reactions. These adverse reactions included myocardial infarction and stroke.
  • In controlled clinical trials, ESAs increased the risk of death in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and the risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing orthopedic procedures.
INCREASED MORTALITY AND/OR INCREASED RISK OF TUMOR PROGRESSION OR RECURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER
  • MIRCERA® is not indicated and is not recommended for use in the treatment of anemia due to cancer chemotherapy. A dose-ranging trial of MIRCERA® in 153 patients who were undergoing chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer was terminated prematurely because more deaths occurred among patients receiving MIRCERA® than another ESA.
  • ESAs resulted in decreased locoregional control/progression-free survival and/or overall survival. These findings were observed in studies of patients with advanced head and neck cancer receiving radiation therapy, in patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer or lymphoid malignancy, and in patients with non-small cell lung cancer or various malignancies who were not receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
HYPERTENSION
  • MIRCERA® is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
  • In MIRCERA® clinical studies, approximately 27% of patients with CKD, including patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis, required intensification of antihypertensive therapy. Hypertensive encephalopathy and/or seizures have been observed in patients with CKD treated with MIRCERA®.
  • Appropriately control hypertension prior to initiation of and during treatment with MIRCERA®. Reduce or withhold MIRCERA® if blood pressure becomes difficult to control. Advise patients of the importance of compliance with antihypertensive therapy and dietary restrictions.
SEIZURES
  • Seizures have occurred in patients participating in MIRCERA® clinical studies. During the first several months following initiation of MIRCERA®, monitor patients closely for premonitory neurologic symptoms. Advise patients to contact their healthcare practitioner for new-onset seizures, premonitory symptoms, or change in seizure frequency.
LACK OR LOSS OF HEMOGLOBIN RESPONSE TO MIRCERA®
  • For lack or loss of hemoglobin response to MIRCERA®, initiate a search for causative factors (e.g., iron deficiency, infection, inflammation, bleeding).
  • If typical causes of lack or loss of hemoglobin response are excluded, evaluate for PRCA. In the absence of PRCA, follow dosing recommendations for management of patients with an insufficient response to MIRCERA® therapy.
PURE RED CELL APLASIA (PRCA)
  • Cases of PRCA and of severe anemia, with or without other cytopenias that arise following the development of neutralizing antibodies to erythropoietin have been reported in the postmarketing setting in patients treated with MIRCERA®. This has been reported predominantly in patients with CKD receiving ESAs by subcutaneous administration. PRCA was not observed in clinical studies of MIRCERA®.
  • PRCA has also been reported in patients receiving ESAs for anemia related to hepatitis C treatment (an indication for which MIRCERA® is not approved).
  • If severe anemia and low reticulocyte count develop during treatment with MIRCERA®, withhold MIRCERA® and evaluate patients for neutralizing antibodies to erythropoietin. Serum samples should be obtained at least a month after the last MIRCERA® administration to prevent interference of MIRCERA® with the assay. Contact Vifor at 1-800-576-8295 to perform assays for binding and neutralizing antibodies. Permanently discontinue MIRCERA® in patients who develop PRCA following treatment with MIRCERA® or other erythropoietin protein drugs. Do not switch patients to other ESAs as antibodies may cross-react.
SERIOUS ALLERGIC REACTIONS

  • Serious allergic reactions, including anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, bronchospasm, tachycardia, pruritus, skin rash and urticaria have been reported in patients treated with MIRCERA®. If a serious allergic or anaphylactic reaction occurs due to MIRCERA®, immediately and permanently discontinue MIRCERA® and administer appropriate therapy.

SEVERE CUTANEOUS REACTIONS
  • Blistering and skin exfoliation reactions including Erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), have been reported in patients treated with ESAs (including MIRCERA®) in the postmarketing setting. Discontinue MIRCERA® therapy immediately if a severe cutaneous reaction, such as SJS/TEN, is suspected.
DIALYSIS MANAGEMENT
  • Patients may require adjustments in their dialysis prescription after initiation of MIRCERA®. Patients receiving MIRCERA® may require increased anticoagulation with heparin to prevent clotting of the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis.
ADVERSE EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
  • Most frequent adverse reactions (≥ 5%) in adult patients with CKD treated with MIRCERA® were hypertension, diarrhea, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, muscle spasms, procedural hypotension, fluid overload, vomiting, back pain, cough, hypotension, constipation, urinary tract infection, pain in extremity, arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, arteriovenous fistula site complication.
  • In pediatric patients on hemodialysis, all reported adverse reactions regardless of causality (more than 5% incidence) were headache, nasopharyngitis, hypertension, vomiting, bronchitis, abdominal pain, arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, cough, device related infection, hyperkalemia, pharyngitis, pyrexia, thrombocytopenia, and thrombosis in device.
INDICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF USE
  • MIRCERA® is indicated for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients on dialysis and adult patients not on dialysis, and pediatric patients 5 to 17 years of age on hemodialysis who are converting from another ESA after their hemoglobin level was stabilized with an ESA.
  • MIRCERA® is not indicated and is not recommended for use in the treatment of anemia due to cancer chemotherapy, or as a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia.
  • MIRCERA® has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being.

Please see full Prescribing Information including Boxed WARNING, and Medication Guide (English, Español) for MIRCERA® (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) Injection, for Intravenous or Subcutaneous Use.

Please see full Prescribing Information including Boxed WARNING, and Medication Guide (English, Español) for MIRCERA® (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) Injection, for Intravenous or Subcutaneous Use.

Important safety information

WARNING:

ESAs INCREASE THE RISK OF DEATH, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, STROKE, VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, THROMBOSIS OF VASCULAR ACCESS and TUMOR PROGRESSION OR RECURRENCE

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE:
  • In controlled trials, patients experienced greater risks for death, serious adverse cardiovascular reactions, and stroke when administered erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to target a hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g/dL.
  • No trial has identified a hemoglobin target level, ESA dose, or dosing strategy that does not increase these risks.
  • Use the lowest MIRCERA® dose sufficient to reduce the need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions.
CANCER:
  • MIRCERA® is not indicated and is not recommended for the treatment of anemia due to cancer chemotherapy. A dose-ranging study of MIRCERA® was terminated early because of more deaths among patients receiving MIRCERA® than another ESA.
  • ESAs shortened overall survival and/or increased the risk of tumor progression or recurrence in clinical studies in patients with breast, non-small cell lung, head and neck, lymphoid, and cervical cancers.
CONTRAINDICATIONS

MIRCERA® is contraindicated in patients with:

  • Uncontrolled hypertension
  • Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) that begins after treatment with MIRCERA® or other erythropoietin protein drugs
  • History of serious or severe allergic reactions to MIRCERA® (e.g., anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, bronchospasm, pruritus, skin rash, and urticaria).
INCREASED MORTALITY, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, STROKE, AND THROMBOEMBOLISM
  • In controlled clinical trials of patients with CKD comparing higher hemoglobin targets (13 to 14 g/dL) to lower targets (9 to 11.3 g/dL), ESAs increased the risk of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, thrombosis of hemodialysis vascular access, and other thromboembolic events in the higher target groups.
  • Using ESAs to target a hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g/dL increases the risk of serious adverse cardiovascular reactions and has not been shown to provide additional benefit. Use caution in patients with coexistent cardiovascular disease and stroke. Patients with CKD and an insufficient hemoglobin response to ESA therapy may be at even greater risk for cardiovascular reactions and mortality than other patients. A rate of hemoglobin rise of greater than 1 g/dL over 2 weeks may contribute to these risks.
  • In controlled clinical trials of patients with cancer, ESAs increased the risks for death and serious adverse cardiovascular reactions. These adverse reactions included myocardial infarction and stroke.
  • In controlled clinical trials, ESAs increased the risk of death in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and the risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing orthopedic procedures.
INCREASED MORTALITY AND/OR INCREASED RISK OF TUMOR PROGRESSION OR RECURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER
  • MIRCERA® is not indicated and is not recommended for use in the treatment of anemia due to cancer chemotherapy. A dose-ranging trial of MIRCERA® in 153 patients who were undergoing chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer was terminated prematurely because more deaths occurred among patients receiving MIRCERA® than another ESA.
  • ESAs resulted in decreased locoregional control/progression-free survival and/or overall survival. These findings were observed in studies of patients with advanced head and neck cancer receiving radiation therapy, in patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer or lymphoid malignancy, and in patients with non-small cell lung cancer or various malignancies who were not receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
HYPERTENSION
  • MIRCERA® is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
  • In MIRCERA® clinical studies, approximately 27% of patients with CKD, including patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis, required intensification of antihypertensive therapy. Hypertensive encephalopathy and/or seizures have been observed in patients with CKD treated with MIRCERA®.
  • Appropriately control hypertension prior to initiation of and during treatment with MIRCERA®. Reduce or withhold MIRCERA® if blood pressure becomes difficult to control. Advise patients of the importance of compliance with antihypertensive therapy and dietary restrictions.
SEIZURES
  • Seizures have occurred in patients participating in MIRCERA® clinical studies. During the first several months following initiation of MIRCERA®, monitor patients closely for premonitory neurologic symptoms. Advise patients to contact their healthcare practitioner for new-onset seizures, premonitory symptoms, or change in seizure frequency.
LACK OR LOSS OF HEMOGLOBIN RESPONSE TO MIRCERA®
  • For lack or loss of hemoglobin response to MIRCERA®, initiate a search for causative factors (e.g., iron deficiency, infection, inflammation, bleeding).
  • If typical causes of lack or loss of hemoglobin response are excluded, evaluate for PRCA. In the absence of PRCA, follow dosing recommendations for management of patients with an insufficient response to MIRCERA® therapy.
PURE RED CELL APLASIA (PRCA)
  • Cases of PRCA and of severe anemia, with or without other cytopenias that arise following the development of neutralizing antibodies to erythropoietin have been reported in the postmarketing setting in patients treated with MIRCERA®. This has been reported predominantly in patients with CKD receiving ESAs by subcutaneous administration. PRCA was not observed in clinical studies of MIRCERA®.
  • PRCA has also been reported in patients receiving ESAs for anemia related to hepatitis C treatment (an indication for which MIRCERA® is not approved).
  • If severe anemia and low reticulocyte count develop during treatment with MIRCERA®, withhold MIRCERA® and evaluate patients for neutralizing antibodies to erythropoietin. Serum samples should be obtained at least a month after the last MIRCERA® administration to prevent interference of MIRCERA® with the assay. Contact Vifor at 1-800-576-8295 to perform assays for binding and neutralizing antibodies. Permanently discontinue MIRCERA® in patients who develop PRCA following treatment with MIRCERA® or other erythropoietin protein drugs. Do not switch patients to other ESAs as antibodies may cross-react.
SERIOUS ALLERGIC REACTIONS

  • Serious allergic reactions, including anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, bronchospasm, tachycardia, pruritus, skin rash and urticaria have been reported in patients treated with MIRCERA®. If a serious allergic or anaphylactic reaction occurs due to MIRCERA®, immediately and permanently discontinue MIRCERA® and administer appropriate therapy.

SEVERE CUTANEOUS REACTIONS
  • Blistering and skin exfoliation reactions including Erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), have been reported in patients treated with ESAs (including MIRCERA®) in the postmarketing setting. Discontinue MIRCERA® therapy immediately if a severe cutaneous reaction, such as SJS/TEN, is suspected.
DIALYSIS MANAGEMENT
  • Patients may require adjustments in their dialysis prescription after initiation of MIRCERA®. Patients receiving MIRCERA® may require increased anticoagulation with heparin to prevent clotting of the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis.
ADVERSE EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
  • Most frequent adverse reactions (≥ 5%) in adult patients with CKD treated with MIRCERA® were hypertension, diarrhea, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, muscle spasms, procedural hypotension, fluid overload, vomiting, back pain, cough, hypotension, constipation, urinary tract infection, pain in extremity, arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, arteriovenous fistula site complication.
  • In pediatric patients on hemodialysis, all reported adverse reactions regardless of causality (more than 5% incidence) were headache, nasopharyngitis, hypertension, vomiting, bronchitis, abdominal pain, arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, cough, device related infection, hyperkalemia, pharyngitis, pyrexia, thrombocytopenia, and thrombosis in device.
INDICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF USE
  • MIRCERA® is indicated for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients on dialysis and adult patients not on dialysis, and pediatric patients 5 to 17 years of age on hemodialysis who are converting from another ESA after their hemoglobin level was stabilized with an ESA.
  • MIRCERA® is not indicated and is not recommended for use in the treatment of anemia due to cancer chemotherapy, or as a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia.
  • MIRCERA® has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being.

Please see full Prescribing Information including Boxed WARNING, and Medication Guide (English, Español) for MIRCERA® (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) Injection, for Intravenous or Subcutaneous Use.

Please see full Prescribing Information including Boxed WARNING, and Medication Guide (English, Español) for MIRCERA® (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) Injection, for Intravenous or Subcutaneous Use.